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Paving roads in the Amazon rainforest often causes deforestation that threatens the people who live there. But for scientists, the work can also uncover clues to the region's past long before Europeans arrived to reshape it. Archaeologists have been looking through nine sites discovered along a highway project in Brazil's Amapa state. They say they are finding evidence that reinforces understanding of the region's past not as a human desert, but rather as a landscape of interconnected societies long before Columbus arrived. That includes pottery in styles and techniques that show influences from communities far to the south.

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Archaeologists conduct a technical visit at Quintela archaeological site in the Vila Nova community along the BR-156 highway in Santana, Amapa state, Brazil, Saturday, March 14, 2026. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)

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Archaeologist Manoel Fabiano da Silva Santos shows a soil layer scale while explaining the historical timeline at National Department of Transport Infrastructure in Macapa, Amapa state, Brazil, Saturday, March 14, 2026. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)

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Archaeologist Lucio Flavio Costa Leite speaks about the collection of cataloged archaeological artifacts at the Institute for Scientific and Technological Research in Macapa, Amapa state, Brazil, Sunday, March 8, 2026. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)

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Archaeologist Manoel Fabiano da Silva Santos shows an anthropomorphic artifact found at the Quintela archaeological site at the National Department of Transport Infrastructure in Macapa, Amapa state, Brazil, Saturday, March 14, 2026. (AP Photo/Eraldo Peres)